Gynecologic Cancers: What Every Woman Should Know
As September rolls in, it’s time to shine a spotlight on Gynecologic Cancer Awareness Month and National Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month. Many of us have been touched by cancer, either personally or through someone close to us, so we understand how vital it is to spot early signs, symptoms and what might put us at risk. Let’s dive into the details of gynecological (GYN) cancers and support each other in both taking charge of our health and looking out for the amazing women in our lives.
Understanding Gynecologic Cancers
GYN cancers are cancers that start in the female reproductive organs. There are five primary types of cancer in this category: cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal and vulvar. While each one has its own set of symptoms and risk factors, they’re all serious, especially if not detected early. According to the American Cancer Society, about 113,520 women will be diagnosed with a GYN cancer in the United States in 2024. This statistic underscores the importance of mindfulness for catching them at an early stage and improving outcomes.
Causes & Risk Factors
GYN cancers come from different causes, and many are largely unknown. However, there are several conditions that might make us more vulnerable, such as an HPV infection for cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancers. According to Dr. Diane Yamada, a gynecologic oncologist, "HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer, which is why vaccination and regular screenings are so crucial."
Factors including age, family history of cancer, obesity and certain genetic mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2 can increase our chances of developing ovarian cancer. And women with PCOS, hormone imbalances and a hereditary cancer syndrome called Lynch Syndrome have a higher chance of developing uterine cancer.
The American Cancer Society offers that while we may not be able to control our genetics, there are other lifestyle practices that we can utilize to help reduce our risk of developing GYN cancers. These include maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, eating a balanced diet and avoiding smoking.
Types & Warning Signs
While many GYN cancers don't come with symptoms, they can bring their own early warning signs. Cervical cancer can present with abnormal bleeding or discharge. Ovarian cancer is often referred to as 'silent killer,' because its signs, like bloating and abdominal pain, can be subtle and easy to associate with other day-to-day issues. Uterine cancer often causes abnormal bleeding, especially in post-menopause women, and vaginal and vulvar cancers can cause itching, burning, changes in the skin and sores that won’t heal.
It's important to pay close attention to our body and note any changes, making sure to seek medical advice if symptoms persist or if something feels off. Early detection is key in fighting GYN cancers. Dr. Rebecca Stone, in an interview with Johns Hopkins Medicine, emphasized that "being attuned to your body and noticing even subtle changes is crucial. Don’t ignore persistent symptoms that don’t seem right."
Prevention and Early Detection
Prevention starts with self-awareness and getting consistent, frequent check-ups with a qualified physician. The HPV vaccine is very effective in reducing our chances of being diagnosed with cervical cancer, and regular pap smears and HPV tests are also key for catching other abnormalities early.
For ovarian and uterine cancers, it’s a good idea to get genetic testing for BRCA mutations and regular pelvic exams, especially if we have a family history. The American Cancer Society also recommends being proactive about our health by chatting with our doctors about personalized screening options, particularly if we’re at higher risk.
Treatment Options and Support
Treatment for GYN cancers varies depending on the type and stage and often includes surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Targeted therapies and immunotherapy are also showing a lot of promise for advanced cancers. Dr. Ursula Matulonis, in an interview with Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, highlighted that "We are now able to offer more personalized and targeted treatments that have shown great promise particularly in advanced ovarian cancer. It's an exciting time in oncology as we continue to develop and refine these therapies to improve outcomes for our patients."
Yet navigating cancer is not just about treatment! Seeking emotional, psychological and mental support is also critical. Whether it’s by joining a support group, talking with a counselor or connecting with others who’ve been through similar health challenges, finding a community and sharing our experiences with others who understand can help us feel more empowered and less isolated.
While GYN cancers are complex, by staying aware of body changes and taking proactive steps to address them, we can reduce our chances of developing advanced disease. As we honor those affected by these cancers this awareness month, let’s lift each other up with knowledge and support. Together, we can make a difference. #beautyofchange
"The only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance." — Alan Watts
